Why they’ll nationalise the banks

By Bengt Saelensminde Aug 01, 2012

Bengt Saelensminde

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Where’s the euro heading? You don’t want to know!

But for the sake of your finances you probably should take a few moments to consider it. When you think about it, it’s kind of obvious.

On Monday, I introduced you to the idea of purchasing power parity (PPP). We used the Big Mac Index to help see if currencies look over/undervalued. PPP is an incredibly useful concept. It shows how nominal currency values convert into real wealth from country to country.

Not only is it useful when considering currency valuations, we can also use it to shine a bright light over the European debacle. We can use PPP to prove the single currency is a fundamentally flawed concept, why it’ll probably come undone and, most importantly, what it means for you.

A roomful of politicians wrecked Europe

The beauty of floating currencies is they establish healthy international trade. In my own business, I import fantastic oils for the beauty industry from Latin America. In return, we (as a nation) sell them a few Jaguars and Land Rovers and a few other choice goods. The national currency expresses each country’s relative purchasing power and keeps the entire system in balance.

But of course by establishing a single currency, the eurozone wrecked PPP within the eurozone. Currency values can’t express the PPP differences between countries. Now everyone shares the same prices. Full stop.

And yet the deluded politicians argued that the single currency would foster trade – supposedly by removing currency risk. All it’s actually done is create massive distortions. Sure there’s been plenty of trade, but it’s been in all the wrong stuff.

When Audis are too cheap and olives are too dear

Before entering the euro, the values of the escudo, peseta, lira and drachma were massaged to fit in to the exchange rate mechanism (ERM). The markets kind of assumed these countries would be dragged up to northern European prosperity levels, which I guess to some extent they were (temporarily). It was normal for a currency to strengthen before joining the euro.

But it’s now pretty much received wisdom that the peripheries went into the euro at an unsustainably high level.

That led to a fantastic boom in the periphery. Suddenly these countries were rich. Their purchasing power was higher. They could afford all sorts of things they couldn’t before. Porsches, Beemers, Mercs and Audis rolled off German production lines and headed south. As for oranges and olives coming the other way, well it didn’t quite happen. They weren’t as cheap as they used to be! And so trade imbalances started to grow.

Now, the fact that the southerners got a good deal on purchases is one thing, but where did they get the money to finance them? It was, of course, the richer northern states that financed it all.

It worked like ‘vendor finance’ does in business – where the guys making the stuff effectively loan you the money to buy it.

At first it was the commercial banks providing the loans. Now it’s the central banks. Today the Bundesbank is saddled with about €500 billion worth of loans to other European central banks.


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That money will never be repaid

So the peripheries are going to have to pay back some debt. But here’s the thing: they can’t. 

That’s because PPP can’t play its vital role. The euro straitjacket won’t allow them to export their way out of trouble. Nobody wants their stuff at these inflated prices. And that includes us Brits – have you noticed how wine sales, for instance, have migrated towards non-euro countries?

In fact, many of the southern industries have shut down as they’re no longer economical. Olives, wine grapes and oranges rot, because they’re too expensive to harvest.

Unemployment is rising. Tax-take is down and benefits are up.

And it gets worse... the artificially high exchange rate makes the loans too dear to repay. And of course the markets know it. That’s why they’re pumping up the interest rates on loans to the peripheries.

The point is, currency unions don’t work – why? Because you lose the fantastic benefits of PPP. Far from helping trade, it warps it.

That’s why austerity can’t fix the problem. And while the politicians wilfully ignore their predicament, the markets can see exactly what’s going on. Sure, the authorities can step in and meddle – a ban on short selling, or maybe even buying investments themselves. But they’ll only cause more distortions… right up until things collapse.

Breaking up is hard to do

My best guess is that social instability will cause one or two exits from the union. The authorities will then, and only then, establish northern and southern blocs.

Of course nobody wants to see this happen; it would mean a financial horror show. The banks, even the central banks, would have to crystallise inevitable and massive losses in one hit.

But surely at some point our great leaders will have to recognise that it’s the only way? I mean, the losses are already baked into the cake. The euro has sucked in commercial banks, and it then sucked in central banks. And now it’s sucking in the IMF and all manner of new institutions set up specifically to fund these ridiculous (and avoidable) trade imbalances.

My advice:

• Avoid the banking sector – it’ll probably end up nationalised.

• If you’ve got euro deposits, shift them to the northern European banks.

• Continue to manage your portfolio on a very conservative basis. 25% cash, 25% bonds, 25% equities and 25% commodities (including gold) remains my target allocation.

• This article is taken from the free investment email The Right side. Sign up to The Right Side here.

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Comments (17)

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  • 1. Gerald Davies

    (01 August 2012, 03:26PM)  Complain about this comment

    The Euro won't fail. The credit crunch has taught European Federalists one thing - you have to have political union before monetary or fiscal union- it is the aftermath of the credit crunch that will make political union a certainly, If they had studied USA and German history that should have been obvious. Europe is not a number of different countries with different languages, it is a number of states that will have a common language in a Federal Union. Right wing conservative politicians know that a federal union is inevitable, that is why they are trying hard to get UK our of The E.U. before it is too late,

  • 2. Mick Donegal

    (01 August 2012, 04:56PM)  Complain about this comment

    So if the Euro does go and i think it will does that mean that the Germans will be basiclaly bankrupt ? My understanding is that these periphary countries as we call them had access to cheap money which caused the illusion that they were rich belongs to the German banks ? So these Mercs Beemers and Audis that us in Ireland Greece Portugal etc were purchasing was money that our banks AIB Bank Ireland Anglo etc borrowed from the German banks to give to us for the above purchases ? Why were the Germans willing to loan so much Euros out to these countries knowing that eventually they would not be in a position to repay these monies back ? Did they think "well if they borrow it they will have to pay it back somehow " by maybe losing our soveriegnty and sell of assets that only the Germans will be able to purchase ! Does capitalism work ? They keep saying that it needs regulating but how do you regulate greed ?

  • 3. Jim C

    (01 August 2012, 05:34PM)  Complain about this comment

    I enjoy your articles Bengt but I think you're way off base with your understanding of PPP in a monetary union.

    The failure of Greece (and other PIIGS) to be competitive isn't because there's insufficient political union - it's because there's too MUCH political union - ie, minimum wage laws imposed by the EU mean that the lower productivity of PIIGS workers cannot be discounted via lower wages relative to workers in the more productive Northern states.

    The reason oranges and olives were too expensive once the PIIGS joined the currency union is because prices were artificially propped up in these countries via supply-side wage distortions and inflation-inducing cheap borrowing that didn't reflect those countries' default risk.

  • 4. Jim C

    (01 August 2012, 05:38PM)  Complain about this comment

    (continued)...

    You could argue that it's easier for countries to inflate their way back to realistic wage/price levels rather than deflate... but the former imposes costs on the prudent (ie, savers), whereas the latter rewards the profligate (ie, the levered and the lenders), and encourages politicians to spend money they haven't got via monetising their spending.

    So I guess that's exactly what will happen ;-)

  • 5. Jim C

    (01 August 2012, 05:42PM)  Complain about this comment

    @Mick, the German (and French) banks' actions may seem incongruous, but only if you conflate the banks' share- (and bond-) holders' interests with the short-term interests of the employees of those banks who are making the lending decisions and who know that the long-term consequences of those poor decisions will only come home to roost long after their own bonuses are spent.

    This is another reason why the bailouts were so ruinous - they took away the incentive for bank share- and bond- holders to keep a closer eye on the day-to-day risk taking of their banks' traders and employees.

  • 6. bengt

    (01 August 2012, 06:22PM)  Complain about this comment

    Jim

    I totally agree with you that minimum wage laws and all the rest of the reg's will knacker an economy. But all the states are subjected to that. And anyway, there are different minimum wage structures throughout the Union. The Greek/Cypriots on less than 5eur an hour, while France is on over 9!

    My point was a simple one. That when the peripherals entered the ERM their currency entry points were way to high. They were massaged up that way. And it gave the Northerners a fantastic growth spurt - all on borrowed money (their own!)

    I didn't talk about political integration - but again, on that point I agree with you.

    bengt

  • 7. BOPEEP

    (01 August 2012, 06:55PM)  Complain about this comment

    If the author would focus on economic fundamentals and not be misled by burgers, it would be clear that the Eurozone is in much better financial heath than the major Anglo Saxon economies. The Eurozone has a trade surplus of $12.1bn, a small positive current account balance and a budget balance of -3.4%. Compare this with trade and current account deficits which topped at 10% during the past decade and are still massive, as well as budget deficits of -7.6% and -7.8% for the USA and Britain respectively. How can the Eurozone be in crisis, but the USA and Britain are leading the way to new prosperity based on these hard facts?

  • 8. BOPEEP

    (01 August 2012, 07:00PM)  Complain about this comment

    Continued: There is clearly an imbalance between some parties, but this is much less than the difference between one of the millions of unemployed in Wales, Scotland or the north of England and some fat cat in London raking all the proceeds off the accumulated savings and pension pool and ensuring that no saver will see any money ever again. The differences in the US are even bigger: Millions depend on food stamps while Zuckerberg, Golden Sucks and their cronies who creamed millions out of Facebust and left the pension funds and index linked investors with losses of $40bn to date as the share price implodes after the sensationally disastrous listing. This is one example, there are many more, but everyone glosses over these facts now.

  • 9. BOPEEP

    (01 August 2012, 07:04PM)  Complain about this comment

    Continued: English press journalists should stick to the facts and not get on the jolly bandwagon of running down the Eurozone, which by comparison is in much better shape than the US or UK despite all the millions of column miles written with no factual backing. In any event, the main problem in the Eurozone was not buying German cars, it was the Anglo Saxon inspired lax financial sector regulation, low interest rates post 9/11, explosive credit expansion and huge property bust which caused the real trouble. If the Eurozone periphery had remained honest, collected taxes and stuck by the rules for the area, things would have turned out to be much better, but no they followed the criminally bad examples from London and New York.

  • 10. Ricardo

    (01 August 2012, 07:12PM)  Complain about this comment

    Bengt - I very much enjoy reading your superbly written articles even though I don't always agree with their conclusions. My only concern is that you may destroy your credibility by so often including ads for other Moneyweek publications!

  • 11. bengt

    (01 August 2012, 08:11PM)  Complain about this comment

    BoPeep

    I agree almost entirely with your analysis. I wasn't trying to (nor have ever) suggest that we're in a better state. This article was about the sub-optimal currency zone in europe. I'm only suggesting that they will have to re-separate out their currencies some how.

    And as for the explosive debt-fuelled binge in Europe: Just think about what brought it on... The currency union.

    With Germanic low rates on offer to Club Med, clearly the Southern countries went on a binge.

    Believe me, I've got no axe to grind here. If anything I hope action (in terms of disbanding this awful euro-thing) may help Europe get back onto a sounder footing.

    bengt

  • 12. Peter Kellow

    (01 August 2012, 09:18PM)  Complain about this comment

    Only economists and investors talk about European political union, because it is the only thing that would sort out the euro mess.

    Anyone on the ground knows political union cannot possibly happen. Just look as the recent French elections. All politics is pointing away from it

    So knock that on the head and deal with what you are left with. Bengt's analysis is what matters

  • 13. BOPEEP

    (02 August 2012, 09:32AM)  Complain about this comment

    Hello Bengt, thanks for your response and for agreeing with me. Every currency blindly followed the US into super low interest rates post 9/11. A knowledge of history, which has been carefully removed from media articles, would have warned that it would end in tears. The periphery would have had just as big a credit boom in their old currencies and now they would not have had the backing of strong partners to keep them on life support so that they can adjust in the face of the speculative onslaught on their bond markets. The only reason why you want this ‘awful Euro thing’ disbanded is so that the speculators out there can turn a 'profit' on the trillions betting on a ‘short Euro long US$’ position and then snap up undervalued European assets to make up for the lack of decent businesses in your own markets. You should rather choose another currency pair which is based on more plausible economic principles, like the ‘short AU$ long US$’ as per your magazine Money Week.

  • 14. r

    (02 August 2012, 11:19AM)  Complain about this comment

    I am sorry to say this but I think No.1 Gerald Davies is right: the euro will not fail. I think the German influence will become more forceful as it further bails out the euro and will impose every-more stringent terms for unification. I have always had this feeling that this was the ultimate aim, even of the EEC back in the 50s and 60s. I hope conservative politicians DO know that this is inevitable and that they have the will to get us out and not personally indulge themselves like previous government ministers have done since Thatcher.

    A very interesting article. Thank you.

    r.

  • 15. danfinn

    (02 August 2012, 01:26PM)  Complain about this comment

    Europe as a financial are is doomed to failure as there is no financial accountability. Why was Greece allowed to stop paying over Vat and failing to collect taxes from the rich, yet Gordon Brown was reprimanded for cutting vat to 15%. Why has the European Commission failed every audit. Until you get these problems addressed Germany and the others will have to bank roll it all or let it go. As a pensioner said the other day, "I have paid in all my life so I'm entitled to be paid out. If you don't pay in then you cannot take anything out"
    I will not be booking any Greek holidays just yet until they get their currency back

  • 16. inexperienced investor

    (02 August 2012, 03:09PM)  Complain about this comment

    I enjoy reading the various opinions re the euro,the banking crisis,possible future inflation etc.
    I know that property may not be the safest investment at present but would be interested to hear opinions on this. ie if inflation takes off,do good commercial properties become attractive again?
    I look forward to comments.

  • 17. JREwing

    (07 August 2012, 04:52PM)  Complain about this comment

    The entire EU is totally bankrupt. There won't be political union. The EU fantasists can dream on. The entire project will soon be finished.

    The EU should never have become anything more than a free trade zone. Instead, socialists and statists of various persuasions (do we have any other type of politician in Europe?) kept moving the entire thing in the direction of more and more "integration" combined with exponential growth in regulations and bureaucracy. Nothing will be more beautiful than to see this hideous beast gutted for good.

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