Britain's house prices are slowly sinking
By
MoneyWeek editor-in-chief
Merryn Somerset Webb Sep 10, 2012
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Another week, another house price survey. The most recent comes from the Halifax, and shows a small fall in house prices in August (0.4%). That followed a decline of 0.7% in July, and a few small rises in May and June. Look back over three months and prices are down 0.3%. Look back a year and they are down about 1%. They are, says the survey, still at around the same levels they were three years ago, and are essentially “treading water”.
A good many people think that is true. It’s not. It isn’t true if you take inflation into account; do that and prices are down more like 4%. They’re also down 25% or so from their peak levels. It isn’t even true in nominal terms unless you happen to live in a few areas of the South East and London.
House prices have been falling for most of us, most of the time for nearly five years now. Prime country houses are down 5% year on year on Knight Frank numbers, for example (so make that 8% plus in real terms) and a quick skim through auction sale numbers will show you that prices in some areas in the north of England are down 40%.
The Halifax reckons its index won’t fall for much longer. Why? The usual reasons: interest rates are low, inflation is not as high as it was, and our unemployment numbers are less awful than expected. This means that “spending power should be on a gradual uptrend”, something that is likely to “support housing demand and therefore house prices”.
I wouldn’t be so sure. The resilience of employment is more about part-time than full-time jobs. Incomes are still rising more slowly than inflation (the Vocalink Take Home Pay Index shows pay rising at a rate of 2.3%). And, despite the government’s constant announcements of new ways to make banks lend, mortgages are still both hard to get and more expensive than you might think.
Not convinced? Look at the mortgages available. According to Moneysupermarket.com, there are 25% fewer 90% loan-to-value mortgages on the market than there were a year ago. And the average mortgage fee being charged at the moment is £1,500. In 2008, it was £899. So while supply is high (agent Henry Pryor notes that 30% of sellers are desperate enough to have cut their asking prices), demand is low.
But there are two other reasons why you might think that most price indices will keep drifting downwards. The first is the regular announcements of building plans – this week we have been told of a barrage of ideas, the upshot of which is to be 70,000 new homes.
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Adding new capacity into markets where falling prices suggest existing overcapacity isn’t usually a good thing for prices (although the multiplier effect of the construction on GDP numbers can be a good thing for governments). Indeed, as the British Property Foundation says in its analysis of the plan, “simply building homes for non-existent buyers has been tried before, in Spain and Ireland, with disastrous consequences”.
The second reason is London. Most indices are being held up by the stunning success of prime central London (PCL) prices – now 14% higher than they were in 2008. But these prices don’t reflect the real economy.
Look at the nationality of the buyers. Demand from the City of London has fallen (very few people are making what they would consider 'real' money any more) with the result that in the £2m plus market only 47% of Knight Frank buyers are from the UK. The rest are from another 61 nationalities, up from 36 in 2008. The point is that buying PCL is more about safe havens than happy homes: chart the yield on PCL against gilt yields and you will see they match up rather nicely. So to assume that prices in London will keep rising, we need to assume that the foreigners will keep coming.
Will they? It’s hard to imagine that 20% of the market will keep being supported by Europeans, as it is now – if you are a rich Italian and you haven’t bought yet, you probably aren’t going to.
The Chinese and the rest might keep coming (various nationalities have various reasons – mostly not good – for wanting their money away from home). But London isn’t as welcoming to other people’s capital flight as it used to be: Knight Frank’s Liam Bailey points to our recent changes to stamp duty and capital gains tax (aimed at foreign buyers) and, given today’s general anti-rich fury, predicts more of the same. It hasn’t made a difference yet. But add it to predictions of fast rising supply (15,000 new PCL units are planned) and a little more stability in Europe, and it soon might.
If it does – and London prices stop rising at today’s speed – it will become increasingly difficult for anyone to keep up the pretence that the UK housing market is 'treading water' or 'flatlining' when it just isn’t.
• This article was first published in the Financial Times
Recommended video
Tim Bennett looks at some of the most popular house price surveys and explains the differences between them, how they work, and how useful they are as a guide to house prices.
• Watch all of Tim's video tutorials here
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