What's driving the rise in house prices

By Bengt Saelensminde May 17, 2010

Bengt Saelensminde

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Housing: steer clear

House prices in my area

House prices in my area have been going up - and probably in yours too. Now I know why.

I've just been talking to a friend in the property auction business. He's noticed a lot of silver-haired investors buying investment property. Now why would they be doing that? Two simple reasons.

Firstly, fear of stock markets, which have been yo-yoing violently for the last few years. And secondly, terrible annuity rates – that is the return retirees receive when they convert their pension into a regular income stream. Many are deciding to put their retirement savings into buy-to-let instead.

House prices in your area are being driven up

Rental yields for the buy to let investors are around 5%. This compares favourably to an annuity. Low interest rates mean that an annuity for a sixty year old only pays about 6% a year until death. And that's the other problem, the investment dies when the holder dies. Houses, on the other hand, can be left to the next generation.

The problems with annuities don't end there. There's also what's known as counter party risk. That is, if the provider (usually large insurance companies) goes bust, your funds could be at risk. At least with a house you've got the security of 'bricks and mortar' and the land upon which it sits.

Despite the advantages I've just outlined, I'm not keen on housing as an investment. But there are reasons why people are choosing a buy-to-let (BTL) over an annuity. Let's look at the figures to see why property mightn't be as good as it sounds.

Buy to let: the figures just don't stack up

To value any investment, it's essential to look at the price to earnings ratio (P/E). And I'm not talking about the 'price to earnings' figure quoted in the media. When the media talk about property, the price to earnings figure you'll hear about is a so-called 'affordability indicator'. That is simply a ratio of average house price to average earnings (wages).


Special FREE report from MoneyWeek magazine: When will house prices bottom out - and how will you know?

  • Why UK property prices are going to fall 50%
  • When it will be time to get back in and buy up half price property

When we're looking at buy to let, the P/E that we want is the house price ('price' or P) divided by the after-tax rental income (the 'earnings', or E). A BTL rental yield is about 5%. But after tax, rental voids (the time lost while you're looking for tenants) and maintenance, that 5% yield drops down to nearer 3%. And a 3% yield gives us a P/E of 33 times!

Now, we know that cheap investments have a P/E of ten or less. There are blue chip firms like Vodafone or GlaxoSmithKline, trading on multiples of less than ten, and these firms have the ability to grow earnings over the coming years.

Buying a house with a p/e in the thirties is too expensive. Rental yields are unlikely to rise quickly enough to justify such a high valuation.

With a house, you're paying a very large premium for security and the ability to bequeath the asset. There have to be better investments that share property's security, but can be bought at a reasonable price.

Why investing in German property looks promising

German property offers a higher yield than UK property as the residential market hasn't had the extraordinary boom that we've seen in the UK. I've been reading reports that you can get 10 to 14% yields in Germany.

Investing in German property could be a great idea. Of course there's the currency risk. That is the risk that if the euro falls (against the pound), then the rent you collect will be worth less in sterling terms.

Given the problems with sterling, I really don't think we should be too nervous about the euro. Anyway, even if there's some calamity with the euro, I still have faith that whatever currency the Germans end up with, it's likely to be stronger than the pound over time.

P.S. To find out where I think you should invest, and to keep up to date with what is happening with house prices, sign up for our free email, The Right Side.

Your capital is at risk when you invest - you can lose some or all of your money, so never risk more than you can afford to lose. Always seek personal advice if you are unsure about the suitability of any investment. Past performance and forecasts are not reliable indicators of future results. Commissions, fees and other charges can reduce returns from investments. Tax treatment depends on individual circumstances and may be subject to change in the future. Please note that there will be no follow up to recommendations in The Right Side.

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  • 1. Alex

    (17 May 2010, 02:11PM)  Complain about this comment

    Can you explain to me exactly how I'd go about getting someone else to buy £200,000 of shares for me over the next 20 years? If you can I'd be very interested to hear how.

    The reason by to let is so attractive isn't just the end yield, it's than you can put down a deposit of say £20,000, let the rent cover the cost of the repayment mortgage and 20 years later you end up with mortgage paid off and a nice steady rental yield.

    It's a bit mercenary but in essense BTL is a modern form of partial slavery where you get a young couple to go out to work in order to pay a rental that you can use as a pension.

    It's more intuitive and straight forward than managing a portfolio of stocks.

  • 2. Alex

    (17 May 2010, 02:55PM)  Complain about this comment

    Just to add, when you look at the fate of some of the nice dull dividend payers people have in the past tucked away into a pension portfolio......

    Lloyds TSB - 90% loss no dividends anymore
    GEC Marconi - 100% loss
    Premier Foods - 95% loss no dividends anymore
    BT - 70% loss .....huge pension hole threatens dividend

    ...I could go on...but do you see why people might be happier buying a house in a central part of a largish city where young people will always be starting out in their first job and needing to rent somwhere to live, and taking the £1,000 a month rent as an income.

  • 3. Bob Roberts

    (17 May 2010, 08:34PM)  Complain about this comment

    Have to say it, see this article as another sign of Moneyweek being badly wrong UK house prices.

    The ruddy things are going up in many parts of the UK and going up substantially.

    I could have bought a house in 2007 cheaper about 40K to 50K less than buying it now if I had not listened to Moneyweek's articles of an impending doom in house prices.

  • 4. Chris

    (17 May 2010, 09:25PM)  Complain about this comment

    The current "boom" appears to be a sucker rally in the classic sense of bubble economics. Its obvious the UK has plenty of suckers buying houses. The sad thing is if there are enough suckers the price will go up even more and then when it crashes so very many people will be burned beyond repair. "The market can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent". But bust follows boom as night follows day. The higher she soars the harder she falls.....

  • 5. G Brown

    (17 May 2010, 09:43PM)  Complain about this comment

    Property is a sure winner when the Bank of England puts the weight of its printing press behind it!

  • 6. Bob Roberts

    (17 May 2010, 10:03PM)  Complain about this comment

    They are keeping interest rates low and they are printing so you do not need to be a financial guru to see that the UK housing bust is not going to happen.

    How many years has MW been saying a housing bust is coming? It has not happened and it won't.

  • 7. David Wyn Morgan

    (17 May 2010, 10:22PM)  Complain about this comment

    At last a new government who can see the wood from the trees,.Ive seen people banking over a hundred grand having made a large proffit on a sale of a house without paying tax on it.yes every one wants to get rich quickly, it has to be remembered if you make a hundered grand so easilly ,somebody somewhare has got to pay for it!!! So please, cheaper afordable housing for the young people of this country who at the momment dont have a chance of getting any where with all the carpet baggers of this country running riot.Houses are to live in and not invest your roulette games, hammering youing inocent young heard working people who just want to live somewhere and be able to afford a weekly drink at theyr local pub.The whole pheilosophy around the housing market has been a scandal with idiots saying,- but what can we do about it ,wel wel.., wel done, up the capital gains tax and hear the screams of the get rich quick, its just so pleasurable at LAST.. WELL DONE ,i think, wyn

  • 8. Kate

    (17 May 2010, 10:32PM)  Complain about this comment

    I'm beginning to wonder if I've been a complete mug, renting grotty flats for the past 4 years while I wait for a more significant reset in the housing market. I reckon that it's going to keep on rising :(

  • 9. Jeb

    (17 May 2010, 11:03PM)  Complain about this comment

    When oh when are house prices going to finally fall?

    I've been reading Money Week's articles for a couple of years now, and all this time have been holding off buying because according to Money Week (and several other sites) prices could plunge and I'll have massively overpaid. Yet all this time prices have been going generally up, not down, and a pokey two bedroom flat in our area still won't leave you much change from 200K.

    Suppose the nice thing about renting is I've been able to save up a hefty deposit, but I would like to buy one day without the feeling that I'm buying at the top of a market that never falls, and without paying circa 200k for a crummy little shoe box that you then still have to pay a management company every month to service even after you've bought it.

    Surely prices must fall soon? What ever happened to the forcast 'dead cat bounce' in the property market?

  • 10. Stan

    (18 May 2010, 12:00AM)  Complain about this comment

    Not long to wait in my opinion, judging by what's going on round here (South East). I was called 3 times over the weekend by Estate Agents trying to push me into buying properties. One, on the market for just a week is willing to be 'pretty flexible on price'.

    Asking prices fell by 2% in London last month according to Rightmove. Halifax reported a fall in prices last month, as did Home.co.uk and the Land Registry.

    Add unemployment at a 15 year high, mortgage approvals at less than half peak and a huge supply of property flooding onto the market since the election (come on, you must have noticed that!) and I think we are in for a big drop - at which point Moneyweek can say 'told you so'.

    Prices are around 35% above their long term average in relation to earnings. Given that in previous recessions prices have overshot the average going down, I would be careful what you pay now...

  • 11. Jeb

    (18 May 2010, 08:37AM)  Complain about this comment

    Good advice Stan,

    I can see like a lot of people that house prices will always rise and fall - just like the price of anything. Clearly anyone who says that prices can only go up is living in dreamworld (or perhaps is in self denial because they have a vested interest). It's just frustrating though when prices keep going up despite a recent background of low sales levels, difficult mortgage approval, big deposits required and high unemployment.

    It's also frustrating that the government is artificially propping up prices with these low interest rates etc. After all, a fall in house prices should be great news for most people, especially those people who would like to buy or upgrade without selling themselves to a life of mortgage and debt slavery.

    It's a real shame that the media and all those property development TV shows have brainwashed the general public into thinking that the primary purpose of a house is as an investment - rather than as a place to live.

  • 12. Insider007

    (18 May 2010, 08:56AM)  Complain about this comment

    Guys,
    Don't panic. UK crash will come again soon. The proportion of our mortgages now on very low variable rates has temporarily cushioned the crisis for millions. Listen to this guy. He's done the Maths. http://video.ft.com/v/79128759001/Apr-19-Jeremy-Grantham-on-bubbles

    Also there are more issues to comparing BTL v Pension.

    Funds o/s estate for IHT before vesting.
    Income tax relief up front (still at 40% for some)
    Income tax free growth.
    CGT (in the news) free growth.

    And with sufficient funds youre' not forced into buying an annuity. You can use drawdown on your fund and leave the reaminder (less tax) to others on death.

    Even with an annuity you can buy capital protected death benefits.

    And any BTL bought with mortgage is a "geared" investment which will either do very well or wipe out your savings.

    I could go on but no space here. In summary you need to assess the risks and each person's case is different.

  • 13. Insider007

    (18 May 2010, 09:04AM)  Complain about this comment

    Oh and regards the comment that it's the pension's fault if you buy the wrong shares ! Lloyds, loss and no dividends etc Surely that's your fault for not being well diversified ? Buying a single property on geared terms is about as non diversified as i can think of. What happens when the tenant messes up the house, the roof falls in, the boiler blows ??? Risk and reward chaps.
    As and when the property market looks good value again i'll be investing in it via my SIPP and using well diversified property funds. Call me boring but it's worked well so far.

  • 14. Alex

    (18 May 2010, 09:17AM)  Complain about this comment

    I'm not sure if some of you missed it, but the crash happened a year ago, prices fell by 20% it was the sharpest decline in prices ever. It was followed by a rapid rebound which erased half of the loss. If you were waiting for a correction in house prices so that you could afford to buy, you've had it already.

    If at the time of the correction you decided to wait and see if they'd fall another 5...10..% then you missed the market, in the same way as many equity investors sat on the sidelines during last years 60% equity rally.

    There may well be more dips, but because of the rally we've already seen any dip in prices will be limited by bargain hunters coming into the market.

    And yes, as Bengt alludes to in his article unfortunately todays 20 something would-be FTBs are in direct competition with millions of Baby boomers with a lifetimes worth of cash looking to secure a pension. You have to be aware of the structure of the market, which is changing.

  • 15. Alex

    (18 May 2010, 09:32AM)  Complain about this comment

    Insider, what I was illustrating was that dividend payments and share prices are actually highly volatile, given that fact it is no suprise that pensioners are looking at Property as a better source of a stable, inflation linked, income.

    Also whether or not you can believe it, there are many, many, baby boomers for whom very little, if any gearing is required to buy a rental property. For long term income seekers variations in the capital value of the asset are pretty much irrelevant.

    Finally I don't think the 'roof caving in is very likely', so what if the boiler does need replacing every 10 years or so, and the reason you take references and a large deposit is precisely so that the tenants don't wreck the furnishings.

  • 16. NightRaider

    (18 May 2010, 09:35AM)  Complain about this comment

    The biggest problem for those waiting for a crash is inflation. Governments and central banks will realise that paying down debt is too painful and will all return to QE and printing cash. It will be the path of least resistance and Europe is already half way there. Look at what happened to the UK housing and stock markets when the presses were turned on. Essentially all countries will be trying to devalue their currencies but it will only end in huge inflation. You can't pay down all the debt in the world. In the end the lesser of all the evils is cheap money when the other prospect facing governments is rioting and depression. Remember what you or your parents paid for their house in the 70's. Seems so cheap now doesn't it? The next generation will say the same thing. It also has the added impact of a transfer of wealth from 'savers' (i.e. retirees) to the young, another thing that is greatly needed to readdress the balance.

  • 17. Alex

    (18 May 2010, 09:44AM)  Complain about this comment

    NightRaider......you are absolutly spot on.

  • 18. Michael Lewis

    (18 May 2010, 09:46AM)  Complain about this comment

    Alex - you seem desperate to convince yourself. Personally, I'd prefer a portfolio of stocks for my pension - I can sell at a click of a button and in many different currencies , I haven't seen them decline sharply in value - as sterling assets (houses) have done and look like continuing to do so.

  • 19. NightRaider

    (18 May 2010, 09:46AM)  Complain about this comment

    I would not say that my comment above is what 'should' happen but it is what 'will' happen. Unfortunately for savers this is always the way. The key problem that people forget is that the money supply does not have to be constant, and that changes the outcome massively.

    Rioting, austerity and depression, or inflating your way out of the debt. Which one do you think they'll go for? I do not own a property as i too thought the market was overvalued and sold out last year, but the prospect of waiting for a 10-20% correction does not seem that important anymore once i studied the outcome of a number of previous recessions. Property will be a 'free-rider' in the age of inflation and is the asset class with which you can gear yourself to the outcome. And if not, then you'll have a nice house to live in.

  • 20. Bob Roberts

    (18 May 2010, 10:00AM)  Complain about this comment

    'Property will be a 'free-rider' in the age of inflation and is the asset class with which you can gear yourself to the outcome. And if not, then you'll have a nice house to live in. '

    What does the above mean in English?

  • 21. NightRaider

    (18 May 2010, 10:10AM)  Complain about this comment

    It means that property will not be the intended beneficiary of governments and central banks printing money, but it will be one of the key beneficiaries of it.

  • 22. Bob Roberts

    (18 May 2010, 10:20AM)  Complain about this comment

    Thanks NR,

    So as long as the Govt prints money then house prices rise as people's savings are eroded.

    Question is, what will this Tory/Lib Govt now do - stop the printing presses or continue where Labour left off?

    I assumed they would have to stop as we simply cannot keep on getting deeper into debt but from what I have read in recent days it is unclear that they are going to do anything different with printing money to Labour - hence why this housing crash looks less and less likely.

    In my part of the World prices would have to crash a sizeable amount just to get back to the 2007 peak when MW was telling us the crash was just around the corner.

  • 23. S M

    (18 May 2010, 10:38AM)  Complain about this comment

    Alex comment (1st comment) is spot on. I've put a $20K deposit for a $240K home a few years back. I had to move overseas the due to work very soon after.... so accidently became a BTL landlord. The tennants are now paying off the mortgage in full + covering the agents fees. Ocasionally i have to dip into my pocket for replacement fixtures, plumbing, etc... but not more than once a year typically. I'll check back in again in 20 years time and the whole thing will be paid off. 12 times return over 20 year period.... while i'm happy it works in my favour, i also agree that its making it harder for anyone not on the ladder.

  • 24. Noah

    (18 May 2010, 11:52AM)  Complain about this comment

    Bob Roberts you are totally right. Money week analysts know everything about economics theory, but have failed to couple this with common sense. Hence they have failed to provide useful advice on house prices. Its quite dangerous to believe anything you read on the web. Money week analysts write a good yarn, which is very entertaining to read. However you would be a fool to take most of it seriously.

  • 25. Bob Roberts

    (18 May 2010, 05:37PM)  Complain about this comment

    Alas, it will be 3 years ago this October that I sold to rent - about a year after I started buying Moneyweek and, frankly, I wish I had never heard of the magazine.

    House prices have continued to rise in my area and my interest is now less than 15 per annum on my savings.

    Today I have just returned from my local estate agents having brought a copy of the weekly property paper and tonight I will begin house hunting.

    If I hear another person tells me that I should speculate in highly risky gold I think I will tell them to go and take a running jump!

  • 26. Alex

    (19 May 2010, 09:24AM)  Complain about this comment

    In all fairness MW were correct that house prices were due to correct, and by 2008 they had done in spectacular style. The mistake if there was one was not to recognise that a house selling at £160 down from a peak of £200k was good value and to snap it up. It's common in trading to get locked into a view or position.

    In the same way the stock market did tank as MW predicted....again the mistake was to refuse to see stocks that had fallen so low that they were a bargain, saying the DJ was set to fall at 12,000 was a good call, saying it still had further to fall at 6,500 wasn't.

    Then there's gold, again MW were spot on, it's trebled since they first recommended it, as has silver, over about 4 years. Excellent result. My concern would be that it's still being recommended now.

    I can honestly state that MW has made me a fortune over the past half decade that I've been subscribing. It's just that you have to view there views as food for thought, rather that instructions.

  • 27. Alex

    (19 May 2010, 09:36AM)  Complain about this comment

    One final thought, if anything will cause a second fall back in house prices it's the LibCons decision to raise Capital Gains back to 40%, combined with George Osbournes pressure on the BoE to start raisign rates.

    So you never knowh the would be FTB'ers on here might get a second chance.

  • 28. Jacqui

    (19 May 2010, 09:39AM)  Complain about this comment

    Inflation = lots of money around, money less valuable, therefore your money can buy less.
    Deflation = a shortage of money, therefore, money is more valuable and can buy more.
    The prices we pay for imported items are increasing due to devaluation of sterling relative to other currencies. Prices are also impacted by the cost of raw materials, particularly oil, oil prices are high, partly because of expectations of economic growth.
    If we have growth, then wages can increase and the money made available to the banks by the government borrowings (issuing Gilts) (and what some call "printing") can come out into the economy via bank lending, potentially causing inflation.
    What if we don't experience growth, if we see increasing unemployment, there will be less ability to earn this "printed money" and less ability to borrow, therefore less money in the economy, thus deflation can take hold. Where would house prices be when unemployment increases, and ability to borrow is reduced ?

  • 29. jacqui

    (19 May 2010, 10:00AM)  Complain about this comment

    Another concern for prospective landlords.
    If the economy doesn't grow as forecast, falling tax revenues and ability to borrow from the markets will put pressure on govt spending. Housing benefits must be a significant cost, I wonder if there will be moves to reduce it ? I also think that rents in general are high and housing benefit may have added to this by not allowing the market rate for rent to prevail.

    Status, renting waiting to buy!

  • 30. FeeHorne

    (19 May 2010, 10:45AM)  Complain about this comment

    House prices crashed at different times depending on area. The main reason they are rising now is a simple lack of supply for the most sought-after properties. In Kent, for example, you cannot find a four-bedroomed family home for love nor money but there are plenty of flats and 2-bedroomed starter-ish homes. There's also the DFL (down from London) factor to consider anywhere within commuting distance of the capital.

  • 31. Russell G

    (19 May 2010, 07:21PM)  Complain about this comment

    Err, you might want to have a chat with Dominic Frisby there at MoneyWeek then. He's recommending investing in Gold which has a price to earnings ratio (p/e) of infinity!

  • 32. Beta adjusted

    (19 May 2010, 07:40PM)  Complain about this comment

    High inflation = weak £ = high unemployment. For the housing asset boom to which you refer you need wages to go up. This will not happen for the foreseeable future.

    As we've seen in the past few weeks, the risk of double-dip recession in Europe, UK, US and quite possibly globally has become apparent once again (it was always there, the majority forgot about it). This and the coming austerity measures in the UK will exert a new deflationary force on wages. The BoE cannot print money indiscriminitely as a weak pound will increase UK's borrowing costs as lenders fear inflationary default. If we see a continued rapid fall in the £ I have little doubt that the BoE would raise interest rates rapidly to protect the pound. Its going to be a tough decade ahead, anyone who has considered emigrating in the past and is able should take this option a bit more seriously. Canada, Australia, possibly Switzerland and US spring to mind.

  • 33. Bob Roberts

    (20 May 2010, 12:15PM)  Complain about this comment

    Inflation continues to rise and King continues to say "Oh, it will go down next month, next quarter - no need to raise rates, intend to keep them at 0 for years".... meanwhile millions of savers are seeing their savings eroded to nothing.

    Criminal IMPO.

    Pensioners who are frail, exhausted and ill and who depend upon their savings are losing what little they have.

  • 34. Alex

    (21 May 2010, 02:58PM)  Complain about this comment

    Most of the cash buyers in the city I live in are 'poor old frail' pensioners using their massive housing equity and final salary pensions to buy up all of the houses forcing exhausted working young families into a life of rental with little prospect of accumulating any significant assets, and almost no prospect of the generous pension schemes enjoyed by todays retirees.

  • 35. Jennifer

    (25 May 2010, 09:40AM)  Complain about this comment

    As ever an interesting article followed by considered comments but what about this one.... outside of Dorchester, Dorset there is a new town being built - Poundbury.

    Up to last month it was a ghost town - it was as if the builders had just walked off site and dumped their tools. Nothing was happening. Contractors were only building to order rather than having their cash tied up in houses that couldnt sell. Then last month things started happening again with the overall project manager holding a meeting and telling the villagers that 'phase three' was commencing imminently - houses/ schools/shops/leisure centre etc etc.

    I bought into the BTL market for the very long term because of no pension - the new Governments (sorry... I meant to say Nick Clegg) 40% tax rate came as a shock

  • 36. Gandalf

    (26 May 2010, 07:27AM)  Complain about this comment

    It is absolutly critical the GCTax on Buy2Let is put back to where it was before Lab got in power. who reduced it, Twice from 40% to18% 3yrs ago to help keep prices higher, Where it benefited MPs (expense scandal) and false higher prices we suffer from in the UK. This Lab policy created the B2L mania our younger generation suffer as debt slaves, that priced out (Your children) of the property market and significanly distorts the manipulated property market (approx 1,000,000 homes and flats out of supply) demand equation adding to prices despite what comments you read t the contrary (usually said by the many vested interested groups).

    CGT for Shares should be tapered downwards as this, company shares schemes, invest im UK PLC, Jobs.

    The abhorent, greedy, anti social B2L only hurts the nations younger generation, our future, through greed and failed pension system.

    Sadly like MPs, B2L can flip homes to avoid (evade?) Tax, do the same. As evil, bad, as Banksters bonuses

  • 37. Bluestar

    (05 June 2010, 06:41PM)  Complain about this comment

    I too was so daunted by articles and websites about crashes and it being the wrong time to buy. I bought at the end of 2006 after more than twelve months of looking in London. The property was virtually unliveable and in an area that I would not have rented in. It was really hard work. Everything I earned and more went into making it a home, and I did all the work I could myself.
    Yes, it would have been lovely it I could have looked for a few months, bought a flat that I could move into easily with a central location and a gastro pub on the corner. But if I go back to my parents, and grandparents, and so on, the first buy was never a walk in the park-where is it written that it should be? I have learnt so much along the way. If my flat has increased, trust me, I have not made easy money. I sacrificed a great deal to make it happen, but it was worth it. Both myself and the flat have grown in character.
    And the area? It now has two of those gastropubs.

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